Turbine.



PATENTBD MAY 16, 1905.

H. ROBSKE.

TURBINE.

APPLIGATIQN EILBD MAY 31.1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED MAY 16, 1905.

H. ROBSKE.

TURBINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 31,1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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No. 789,760. PATENTED MAYlG, 1905.

H ROESKE.

TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31,1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3. I

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NTTED STATES Patented May 16, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE. y

TURBlNE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N0. 789,760, dated May 16, 1905.

Application filed May 3l, 1904. Serial No. 210,353.

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY RoEsKE, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city-and 'county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement 1n Turblnes, of which the following 1s a specification.

My invention relates to turbines in which steam or any expansive lluid is used as a source of motive power.

It provides improved means for utilizing 'the expansive force of the fluid for balancing forth.

Figure 1 represents in side elevation a turbine-engine embodying my invention, a part of the casing being broken away to show the operative portion ofthe machine. Fig. 2 represents the device partly in vertical sectionv and partly in end elevation. Fig. 3 is atransverse vertical section through the line fr as, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through line 1/ y, Fig. 2. Fig. 5 represents in fragmentary perspective a cut-off sleeve. Fig. 6 is a partial transverse vertical section of a modified form of the device.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings, 1 designates a casing in which is mounted a suitable shaft 2, keyed to which is a wheel3, shown as of similar right and left parts 4 and 5, on the sides of which are annular projecting rows of buckets 6. The outer faces of the buckets 6 may be connected by an annular band 7. The annular walls 8 of the casing 1 are provided with alternate annular projecting rows of buckets 9, connected by bands 9X. The outer, row of buckets open into an annular space 11, surrounding the wheel 3, and are provided with a discharge-opening 12 in the casing 1. Steam-ports 13 in the wheel 3 clearly shown in Fig. 1, the buckets 6 and 9 face in reverse direction and are of the same number in each of the annuli, so that the spaces between the buckets progressively increase from the inner to the outer row. I have shown five annuli 9 in the case and four annuli 6 at each side of the wheel 3; but it is evident that these numbers may be increased or diminished, as desired.

At one side of the casing 1 is a plate or closure 10, against which the end of the shaft 2 abuts. A packing 15 may be provided, if desired, to prevent leakage. Adjacent this end 'of the shaft is a valve-casing 15X, through which steam is admitted by a pipe 16, in which may be placed a valve 17, controlled by a governor 18 of any desired form, the pulley 19 on the governor being connected by a belt 2O to a pulley 21 on the projecting end of the shaft. Within the'chamber 15 is a valve 22, mounted on a shaft 23, which extends through the plate 1() and is provided exterior of the plate with a hand-wheel 24. ln the valve 22 are two lateral apertures 25 and 26, opening, respectively, into ports 27 28 in Ythe casing l, which ports connect with apertures 29 and 30 in the tubular shaft 2. The port 27 is shown as extending entirely around the shaft 2, and, as shown, a plurality of apertures 29 is provided in the shaft communieating therewith. The port 28 is provided with an abutment 31. which bears against the shaft 2. In the port is a segmental valve 32, provided with packings 33 to insure a fluidtight joint and having a segmental rack 34 meshing with the pinion 35 on the shaft 36, which projects through the plate 10 and Ais provided exterior thereof with a hand-wheel 37. A ratchet-wheel 36 on the shaft 36 engages with suitable pawls 38 on the plate 10 lof the casing and 6 of the wheel.

power. callsfor correspondingly more room,the buckrod 39 is laterally bent to pass through a diagonal slot 45 in a sleeve 46 within the shaft 2, and aise to pass through a longitudinal slot 47 in the shaft 2 itself. The sleeve 46 is provided with apertures 48 and 49, adapted to register with the apertures 14 in the shaft 2. As shown, the apertures 48 and 49 are placed quadrantly on the sleeve 46, the apertures 48 being at least twice as wide as the apertures 49.

The operation is as follows: Steam or other fluid is admitted through the pipe 16 to the valve-chamber 15". When the valve 22 is turned `to the position shown in Fig. 1 ofthe drawings, steam will be continuously admitted, through the port 27 and apertures 29, to the interior of the shaft 2. From thence it will pass ythrough the apertures 48 and 49 of sleeve 46, through apertures 14 of the shaft 2, and through the ports 13 to the buckets y9 It will be seen yin Fig. 1 that the ports 13 are cu-rved and so formed as to admit the steam tangen- -tially to the inner row of buckets 9'in the casing-wall 8. It is evident that by reason of the curved 'shape of the buckets 9 the steam 'will be deflected soas to im'pinge against the inner row of buckets 6 on the wheel. Itis also evident that the steam in passing from 4the inner row-of buckets on the wheel to the sec- -ond row `of buckets on the casing will react so as 4'to give additional y'energyto `the movement -of the wheelgand that these processes `o'f 'impact and reaction will vcontinue until the vouter row of buckets l9 is reached, when the the spaces between the buckets, since,as shown inthe drawings, the said buckets 6 and -9'are 'of'equal ynumber on each of the annuli and in addition'the buckets from the inner to the outer annuli are on the same degree-line or in aline from a common center, and by reason of thisexpansion of the steam it will part with a verylargeportion of its kinetic energy, 'fthefeiectfof which is'evident The buckets,

as shown in the drawings, arethicker at their lmiddle than -at 'their ends, thus making the passage-ways therebetween narrow at the mid-A dle in order to check the velocity of the steam at those points, while the divergent outletfportgof the one 'passage by meeting the -di- Vergent receiving-port of the next provides room for an expansion of the steam at the moment of such check, and as this expansion takes place'on the line of Vmotion of the wheel it offers compensation resulting in a more moderate speed ofthe turbine without loss of As lthe expansion 1frolnstep to step ets are of equal shape and size and anv equal number of them are equally distanced on deto reduce the volume of steam supplied to the engine, the valve 22 may be set as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. In this case the port 27 will be'closedV and steam w-ill pass iuto the port 28, 'with which, as shown, there connects but one aperture 30 in the shaft 2. At each rotation of the shaft steam will begin to enter this aperture as soon as it passes the abutment 31 and will continue to enter until the aperture 30 'is closed by the segmental valve 32. Itis 'obvious that by turning this valve by means of the hand-wheel 37 the arc of each revolution during which steam is admitted to theshaft may be widely varied. As theforce ofthe steamagainstone sideof the segmental valve 32 would tend to rotate it 1in ythe direction ofthe-arrow, Fig. 3, I .pro-videthepawls 3801i the plate 10 -to l.prevent this improper rotation. Another method of throttli'ng the steam admission, which may be used whether.

the admission is continuous or intermittent, is by means of the rotation kof the sleeve 46 within the tubular shaft 2. It is obvious that this-relativelrotation'may befproduced by-turning the band-wheel 44, which acts, through the screw 42, yoke 41,-and pulley 40, to-move the shaft 39 longitudinally. The inner end of the shaft 39 engaginginthe angu-larly-disposed vnotches 45-aud 47 turns ithe sleeve 46 in the shaft 2 so as to throw the narrower ports 49 in thesleeve out'ofregister with the ports 14 in the shaft,ratthe same time leaving the wider ports 48 in register. It will be noted from Fig. 5 ythat the-ports 48 and 49 are so splaced in the sleeve 46 :that -steam will be admitted alternatively to each side of thewheel 3. -As shown, steam will be admitted to each side'of the wheel twice in each revolution of the shaft. It is obvious .that by setltingfthe rod 39 in an intermediate position rows of buckets 52'and 53, the buckets facing in opposite directions. The casing is in this form of construction -provided with a-middle partition/54, vprovided with an annular series of buckets 55. The outer walls 56 of Athe vcasing haveannular series of buckets 57. It

will 'be seen from the-drawings-that the buck- -ets 55 and-57 -face in `opposite directions, be-

ing adapted in each case 4to coperate -with-the adjacent buckets in lthe wheel. By proper ports v58 in `the sleeve `46-or by anyother wellknown means, which it -is not necessary to illustrate or explain, steam may be alterna- IOO IIO

tively admitted through the passages'g, as shown by the arrow, to the buckets between the walls 50 of the wheel and the outer walls 56 of the casing or between the inner wall 54: of the casing and the walls 51 of the wheels. It is obvious that the elect will be to rotate the wheel in opposite directions, thus securing a reversing turbine which is at the same time balanced by the equal admission of steam on both sides of a central partition,

In turbines of this character with which I am acquainted the annuli of stationary and movable buckets have been'made adjacent to and upon the periphery of the wheel. By disposing my buckets laterally on the wheel, as shown, and having the same of equal size and number I am able to progressively increase the space between the buckets, (see Fig. 1,) whereby steam may be expanded practically to exhaustpressure, thus greatly reducing the speed of the device. In addition I am able to place a large number of annuli of buckets on the wheel without making it unduly Wide or clumsy. In addition it will be noted that the wheel is perfectly balanced, so

- that no end thrust or side pressure is produced, and that a given horse-power may be developed from a far lighter and smaller wheel.

It will be evident that various changes may be made by those skilled in the art which may come within the scope of my invention, and I do not, therefore, desire to be limited in every instance to the exact construction herein shown and described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A turbine comprising a rotary wheel having annuli of laterally-disposed projecting buckets of approximately semi-elliptical form, the buckets of each annuli being arranged on the same degree-line and each of said annuli having an equal number of buckets and means for impinging a motive iuid against said buckets. f

2. A tu rbine,comprising a rotary wheel having annuli of laterally disposed projecting buckets of approximately semi-elliptical form integral therewith, said buckets being equal in number and of equal size on each of said ann uli and being arranged on the same degree-` line, whereby the spaces between said buckets increase in proportion to the distance from the center, and means for impinging a motive fluid against said buckets successively from the inner to the outer'annulus.

3. A turbine comprising a rotary wheel having annuli of laterallydisposed projecting buckets of approximately semi-elliptical form,

-said buckets on each annulibeing on the same degree-line and a casing inclosing said'wheel and having annuli of stationary buckets alternating with annuli of buckets on the wheel and operative to direct the motive iiuid thereagainst, said statlonary buckets being' arranged on each'annuli 1n the same degreeline.

4. A turbine comprisinga rotary wheel havbuckets on the wheel and operative to direct the motive iiuid thereagainst, said stationary buckets being arranged on the same degreeline.

6. A turbine comprising a tubular shaft, a wheel rotatable with said shaft having annuli of laterally-disposed buckets, said buckets being arranged on the same degree-line and a casing inclosing said wheel and having annuli of stationary buckets alternating with the annuli of buckets on the wheel and operative to direct a motive iiuid thereagainst, said stationary buckets being arranged on the same degree-line and said shaft and said wheel having ports for admitting a motive iiuid to impinge against said buckets', and means for admitting such motive fiuid to said shaft.

7. A turbine comprisinga rotary wheel having integral annuli of equally-sized and laterally-disposed projecting buckets of semi-elliptical form with the minor axis concaved on each of its sides, said buckets being equal in number on each of said annuli, facing on one side in opposite direction to the other and being arranged on the same degree-lines, and means for alternatively impinging a motive fluid against the buckets facing in each direction, whereby said wheel may be rotated in either direction.

8. Aturbine comprising a rotary wheel having a plurality of radially-extending portions provided with integral annulus of equallysized and laterally-disposed projecting buckets of semi-elliptical form with the minor axis concaved, the buckets on opposite sides of each of said radially-extending portions being equal in number on each of said annuli and arranged on the same degree-lines to face in opposite directions and a casing having stationary walls at each side of each of said radially-extending portions provided with buckets as described and adapted to coperate with f IOO IIO

vIIS

annuli of laterally-disposed buckets, the buckets on opposite sides of said walls facing in opposite directions, a casing having exterior walls and a wall intermediate said circular walls, all said walls having annuli of buckets alternating with the annuli of buckets on the wheel and operative to direct a motive liuid thereagainst, a tubular shaft on which said wheel is mounted, said wheel and said shaft having ports for admitting the motive Huid to impinge against said buckets, means for controlling said ports and means for admitting such motive Huid to said shaft.

10. In a rotary engine, a rotary tubular shaft, means for admitting a motive Huid either continuously or intermittently to said shaft and separate manually-operative means for controlling the volume of such motive iiuid admitted by such intermittent means.

11. In a rotary engine, a rotary tubular shafthaving a lateral port for the admission of a motive fluid and manually-adjustable rotatable means for closing said port during a portion of the rotation of said shaft.

1Q. In a rotary engine, a rotary tubular shaft having a lateral port for the admission of a motive fluid, a casing providing a chamber around said shaft into which said port opens and a manuallyoperative segmental valve for adjusting the arc of said chamber.

13. In a rotary engine, a rotary tubular shaft having a lateral port for the admission of a motive fluid, a casing providing a chamber around said shaft into which said port opens, a manually-operative segmental valve for adjusting the are of said chamber andA means for locking said valve in position.

14. In a rotary engine, a rotary tubular shaft having a lateral port for the admission of motive fiuid, a casing providing a chamber around said shaft into which said port opens, a segmental valve in said chamber provided with gear-teeth, a pinion meshing with said teeth, a shaft on which said pinion is mounted extending out of said casing and a pawl and ratchet on said shaft for locking said valve in position.

15. In a rotary engine, a tubular shaft having a lateral port for the emission of a motive fluid, a sleeve within said shaft mounted to rotate therein and rotating therewith having a lateral port normally registering with the port in said shaft and manually-controllable means extending out of the engine for rotating said sleeve and thus adjusting the register of the ports in said shaft and said sleeve.

16. In a rotary engine, a tubular shaft having a lateral port for the emission of a motive iiuid, a sleeve in said shaft rotating therewith having a port normally registering with the port in said shaft, adjacent slots in said shaft and said sleeve disposed at an angle with each other, a rod extending out of the engine rotatable with said shaft and engaging in both .tively moving said sleeve in said shaft, whereby certain of said ports are moved out of register.

18. A turbine comprising a rotary wheel having annuli of laterally-disposed buckets, the buckets being thicker at their middle part and in each annuli arranged on the same degree-line and each of said annuli having an equal number of buckets `and means for impinging a motive Huid against said buckets.

19. A turbine comprising a rotary wheel having integral annuli of equally-sized and laterally-disposed projecting buckets of semi-elliptical form with the minor axis concaved, said buckets being equal in number on each of said annuli and being arranged on the same degree-lines, whereby the spaces between said buckets increase in proportion to the distance fromthe center and means for impinging a motive fluid against said buckets successively from the inner to the outer annulus.

20. A turbine comprising a rotary wheel having integral annuli of equally-sized and laterally-disposed projecting buckets of semi-elliptical form with the minor axis concaved, said buckets being equal in number on each of said annuli and being arranged on the same degree-lines and a casing inclosing said wheel and having annuli of stationary buckets alternating with annuli of buckets on the wheel and operative to direct a motive fluid thereagainst, said stationary buckets being equal in form, size and number to those on the wheel and being arranged on the same degree-lines.

21. A turbine comprising a rotary wheel having integral annuli of equally-sized and laterally-disposed projecting buckets of semi-elliptical form with the minor axis concaved on each of its sides, said buckets being equal in l number on each of said annuli and arranged on the same degree-lines and means for impinging a motive fluid against said buckets.

22. A turbine comprising a rotary Wheel having integral annuli of equally sized and formed and laterally disposed projecting buckets on each of its sides, said buckets being equal in number on each of said annuli and arranged on the same degree-lines and a casing inclosing said wheel and having integral annuli of stationary buckets alternating with the annulus of the wheel and operative to direct the motive fluid thereagainst,'said stationary buckets being equal in form, size and number to those on the Wheel and arranged on the same degree-lines.

23. In a turbine of the radial-flow type, having annuli of projecting buckets of approximately semi-elliptical form, with the minor axis concaved, the number of buckets on the annulus of the movable element being equal to the number of buckets on the annulus of the stationary element, the concaved faces of IO the movable and stationary buckets being one above each other on degree-lines common to both.

HENRY ROESKE.

Witnesses:

GEO. L. COOPER, C. D. MCVAY. 

